The Bestenigkiar (Μπεστενιγκιάρ) mode has its theoretical basis and final on irak [low B 1 comma flat], where the fundamental element 3x-segkiach is based. The incipit on tsargkiach [F] characterizes the mode and defines its tetraphonic nature. The elemental structure is completed with a 5x-saba on dougkiach [D] and a 5x-chitzaz on tsargkiach [F]. The extension is possible with a 5x-chitzaz on gkerdanie [high C] and a 5x-sazkiar on gegkiach [low G], making atzem asiran [low A#] the sub-final of the mode. The name Bestenigkiar is derived from the makam Beste-Nigâr.
The modal dominant coincides with the incipit tsargkiach [F].
Dromos Bestenigkiar
The adjustment to equal temperament is referred to as dromos Bestenigkiar or equal-tempered Bestenigkiar mode (or Bestenigkiar*) and occurs as illustrated in the following figure. All the characteristics of the corresponding microtonal mode are preserved.
This excerpt is from my book The Theory of Rebetiko, where I delve into the modal system of Greek music as it relates to the rebetiko genre. To access the complete text—including detailed discussions, tables, illustrations, and musical transcriptions of the examples—visit this page and explore the rich world of Greek modal music.
